Link to our latest notes and resources:
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/2/folders/15FnZdp3NJ15WmXnkrSWgi5ltd5rUI9Bg
14 Temperature
14.1 Thermal equilibrium
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that (thermal) energy is transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower
temperature
2 understand that regions of equal temperature are in thermal equilibrium
14.2 Temperature scales
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that a physical property that varies with temperature may be used for the measurement of
temperature and state examples of such properties, including the density of a liquid, volume of a gas at
constant pressure, resistance of a metal, e.m.f. of a thermocouple
2 understand that the scale of thermodynamic temperature does not depend on the property of any
particular substance
3 convert temperatures between kelvin and degrees Celsius and recall that T/K = θ/ °C + 273.15
4 understand that the lowest possible temperature is zero kelvin on the thermo
angela
03/07/2026 14:19
Link to our latest notes and resources:
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/2/folders/15FnZdp3NJ15WmXnkrSWgi5ltd5rUI9Bg
14 Temperature
14.1 Thermal equilibrium
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that (thermal) energy is transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower
temperature
2 understand that regions of equal temperature are in thermal equilibrium
14.2 Temperature scales
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that a physical property that varies with temperature may be used for the measurement of
temperature and state examples of such properties, including the density of a liquid, volume of a gas at
constant pressure, resistance of a metal, e.m.f. of a thermocouple
2 understand that the scale of thermodynamic temperature does not depend on the property of any
particular substance
3 convert temperatures between kelvin and degrees Celsius and recall that T/K = θ/ °C + 273.15
4 understand that the lowest possible temperature is zero kelvin on the thermo
Ahmed Elsaka
03/07/2026 14:19
Link to our latest notes and resources:
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/2/folders/15FnZdp3NJ15WmXnkrSWgi5ltd5rUI9Bg
14 Temperature
14.1 Thermal equilibrium
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that (thermal) energy is transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower
temperature
2 understand that regions of equal temperature are in thermal equilibrium
14.2 Temperature scales
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that a physical property that varies with temperature may be used for the measurement of
temperature and state examples of such properties, including the density of a liquid, volume of a gas at
constant pressure, resistance of a metal, e.m.f. of a thermocouple
2 understand that the scale of thermodynamic temperature does not depend on the property of any
particular substance
3 convert temperatures between kelvin and degrees Celsius and recall that T/K = θ/ °C + 273.15
4 understand that the lowest possible temperature is zero kelvin on the thermo
waren
03/07/2026 14:09
Link to our latest notes and resources:
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/2/folders/15FnZdp3NJ15WmXnkrSWgi5ltd5rUI9Bg
14 Temperature
14.1 Thermal equilibrium
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that (thermal) energy is transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower
temperature
2 understand that regions of equal temperature are in thermal equilibrium
14.2 Temperature scales
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that a physical property that varies with temperature may be used for the measurement of
temperature and state examples of such properties, including the density of a liquid, volume of a gas at
constant pressure, resistance of a metal, e.m.f. of a thermocouple
2 understand that the scale of thermodynamic temperature does not depend on the property of any
particular substance
3 convert temperatures between kelvin and degrees Celsius and recall that T/K = θ/ °C + 273.15
4 understand that the lowest possible temperature is zero kelvin on the thermo
BAZAR CHIC
03/07/2026 14:09
Link to our latest notes and resources:
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/2/folders/15FnZdp3NJ15WmXnkrSWgi5ltd5rUI9Bg
14 Temperature
14.1 Thermal equilibrium
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that (thermal) energy is transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower
temperature
2 understand that regions of equal temperature are in thermal equilibrium
14.2 Temperature scales
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that a physical property that varies with temperature may be used for the measurement of
temperature and state examples of such properties, including the density of a liquid, volume of a gas at
constant pressure, resistance of a metal, e.m.f. of a thermocouple
2 understand that the scale of thermodynamic temperature does not depend on the property of any
particular substance
3 convert temperatures between kelvin and degrees Celsius and recall that T/K = θ/ °C + 273.15
4 understand that the lowest possible temperature is zero kelvin on the thermo
Oumi amani
03/07/2026 14:09
Link to our latest notes and resources:
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/2/folders/15FnZdp3NJ15WmXnkrSWgi5ltd5rUI9Bg
14 Temperature
14.1 Thermal equilibrium
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that (thermal) energy is transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower
temperature
2 understand that regions of equal temperature are in thermal equilibrium
14.2 Temperature scales
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that a physical property that varies with temperature may be used for the measurement of
temperature and state examples of such properties, including the density of a liquid, volume of a gas at
constant pressure, resistance of a metal, e.m.f. of a thermocouple
2 understand that the scale of thermodynamic temperature does not depend on the property of any
particular substance
3 convert temperatures between kelvin and degrees Celsius and recall that T/K = θ/ °C + 273.15
4 understand that the lowest possible temperature is zero kelvin on the thermo
ســـومـــه♥️🌸
03/07/2026 14:09
Link to our latest notes and resources:
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/2/folders/15FnZdp3NJ15WmXnkrSWgi5ltd5rUI9Bg
14 Temperature
14.1 Thermal equilibrium
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that (thermal) energy is transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower
temperature
2 understand that regions of equal temperature are in thermal equilibrium
14.2 Temperature scales
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that a physical property that varies with temperature may be used for the measurement of
temperature and state examples of such properties, including the density of a liquid, volume of a gas at
constant pressure, resistance of a metal, e.m.f. of a thermocouple
2 understand that the scale of thermodynamic temperature does not depend on the property of any
particular substance
3 convert temperatures between kelvin and degrees Celsius and recall that T/K = θ/ °C + 273.15
4 understand that the lowest possible temperature is zero kelvin on the thermo
Zara
03/07/2026 14:09
Link to our latest notes and resources:
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/2/folders/15FnZdp3NJ15WmXnkrSWgi5ltd5rUI9Bg
14 Temperature
14.1 Thermal equilibrium
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that (thermal) energy is transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower
temperature
2 understand that regions of equal temperature are in thermal equilibrium
14.2 Temperature scales
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that a physical property that varies with temperature may be used for the measurement of
temperature and state examples of such properties, including the density of a liquid, volume of a gas at
constant pressure, resistance of a metal, e.m.f. of a thermocouple
2 understand that the scale of thermodynamic temperature does not depend on the property of any
particular substance
3 convert temperatures between kelvin and degrees Celsius and recall that T/K = θ/ °C + 273.15
4 understand that the lowest possible temperature is zero kelvin on the thermo
Daddou Maherssi
03/07/2026 14:09
Link to our latest notes and resources:
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/2/folders/15FnZdp3NJ15WmXnkrSWgi5ltd5rUI9Bg
14 Temperature
14.1 Thermal equilibrium
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that (thermal) energy is transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower
temperature
2 understand that regions of equal temperature are in thermal equilibrium
14.2 Temperature scales
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that a physical property that varies with temperature may be used for the measurement of
temperature and state examples of such properties, including the density of a liquid, volume of a gas at
constant pressure, resistance of a metal, e.m.f. of a thermocouple
2 understand that the scale of thermodynamic temperature does not depend on the property of any
particular substance
3 convert temperatures between kelvin and degrees Celsius and recall that T/K = θ/ °C + 273.15
4 understand that the lowest possible temperature is zero kelvin on the thermo
— No more content —
User Review
Kathleen Agaya
03/07/2026 14:19
Link to our latest notes and resources:
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/2/folders/15FnZdp3NJ15WmXnkrSWgi5ltd5rUI9Bg
14 Temperature
14.1 Thermal equilibrium
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that (thermal) energy is transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower
temperature
2 understand that regions of equal temperature are in thermal equilibrium
14.2 Temperature scales
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that a physical property that varies with temperature may be used for the measurement of
temperature and state examples of such properties, including the density of a liquid, volume of a gas at
constant pressure, resistance of a metal, e.m.f. of a thermocouple
2 understand that the scale of thermodynamic temperature does not depend on the property of any
particular substance
3 convert temperatures between kelvin and degrees Celsius and recall that T/K = θ/ °C + 273.15
4 understand that the lowest possible temperature is zero kelvin on the thermo
angela
03/07/2026 14:19
Link to our latest notes and resources:
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/2/folders/15FnZdp3NJ15WmXnkrSWgi5ltd5rUI9Bg
14 Temperature
14.1 Thermal equilibrium
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that (thermal) energy is transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower
temperature
2 understand that regions of equal temperature are in thermal equilibrium
14.2 Temperature scales
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that a physical property that varies with temperature may be used for the measurement of
temperature and state examples of such properties, including the density of a liquid, volume of a gas at
constant pressure, resistance of a metal, e.m.f. of a thermocouple
2 understand that the scale of thermodynamic temperature does not depend on the property of any
particular substance
3 convert temperatures between kelvin and degrees Celsius and recall that T/K = θ/ °C + 273.15
4 understand that the lowest possible temperature is zero kelvin on the thermo
Ahmed Elsaka
03/07/2026 14:19
Link to our latest notes and resources:
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/2/folders/15FnZdp3NJ15WmXnkrSWgi5ltd5rUI9Bg
14 Temperature
14.1 Thermal equilibrium
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that (thermal) energy is transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower
temperature
2 understand that regions of equal temperature are in thermal equilibrium
14.2 Temperature scales
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that a physical property that varies with temperature may be used for the measurement of
temperature and state examples of such properties, including the density of a liquid, volume of a gas at
constant pressure, resistance of a metal, e.m.f. of a thermocouple
2 understand that the scale of thermodynamic temperature does not depend on the property of any
particular substance
3 convert temperatures between kelvin and degrees Celsius and recall that T/K = θ/ °C + 273.15
4 understand that the lowest possible temperature is zero kelvin on the thermo
waren
03/07/2026 14:09
Link to our latest notes and resources:
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/2/folders/15FnZdp3NJ15WmXnkrSWgi5ltd5rUI9Bg
14 Temperature
14.1 Thermal equilibrium
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that (thermal) energy is transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower
temperature
2 understand that regions of equal temperature are in thermal equilibrium
14.2 Temperature scales
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that a physical property that varies with temperature may be used for the measurement of
temperature and state examples of such properties, including the density of a liquid, volume of a gas at
constant pressure, resistance of a metal, e.m.f. of a thermocouple
2 understand that the scale of thermodynamic temperature does not depend on the property of any
particular substance
3 convert temperatures between kelvin and degrees Celsius and recall that T/K = θ/ °C + 273.15
4 understand that the lowest possible temperature is zero kelvin on the thermo
BAZAR CHIC
03/07/2026 14:09
Link to our latest notes and resources:
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/2/folders/15FnZdp3NJ15WmXnkrSWgi5ltd5rUI9Bg
14 Temperature
14.1 Thermal equilibrium
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that (thermal) energy is transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower
temperature
2 understand that regions of equal temperature are in thermal equilibrium
14.2 Temperature scales
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that a physical property that varies with temperature may be used for the measurement of
temperature and state examples of such properties, including the density of a liquid, volume of a gas at
constant pressure, resistance of a metal, e.m.f. of a thermocouple
2 understand that the scale of thermodynamic temperature does not depend on the property of any
particular substance
3 convert temperatures between kelvin and degrees Celsius and recall that T/K = θ/ °C + 273.15
4 understand that the lowest possible temperature is zero kelvin on the thermo
Oumi amani
03/07/2026 14:09
Link to our latest notes and resources:
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/2/folders/15FnZdp3NJ15WmXnkrSWgi5ltd5rUI9Bg
14 Temperature
14.1 Thermal equilibrium
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that (thermal) energy is transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower
temperature
2 understand that regions of equal temperature are in thermal equilibrium
14.2 Temperature scales
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that a physical property that varies with temperature may be used for the measurement of
temperature and state examples of such properties, including the density of a liquid, volume of a gas at
constant pressure, resistance of a metal, e.m.f. of a thermocouple
2 understand that the scale of thermodynamic temperature does not depend on the property of any
particular substance
3 convert temperatures between kelvin and degrees Celsius and recall that T/K = θ/ °C + 273.15
4 understand that the lowest possible temperature is zero kelvin on the thermo
ســـومـــه♥️🌸
03/07/2026 14:09
Link to our latest notes and resources:
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/2/folders/15FnZdp3NJ15WmXnkrSWgi5ltd5rUI9Bg
14 Temperature
14.1 Thermal equilibrium
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that (thermal) energy is transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower
temperature
2 understand that regions of equal temperature are in thermal equilibrium
14.2 Temperature scales
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that a physical property that varies with temperature may be used for the measurement of
temperature and state examples of such properties, including the density of a liquid, volume of a gas at
constant pressure, resistance of a metal, e.m.f. of a thermocouple
2 understand that the scale of thermodynamic temperature does not depend on the property of any
particular substance
3 convert temperatures between kelvin and degrees Celsius and recall that T/K = θ/ °C + 273.15
4 understand that the lowest possible temperature is zero kelvin on the thermo
Zara
03/07/2026 14:09
Link to our latest notes and resources:
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/2/folders/15FnZdp3NJ15WmXnkrSWgi5ltd5rUI9Bg
14 Temperature
14.1 Thermal equilibrium
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that (thermal) energy is transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower
temperature
2 understand that regions of equal temperature are in thermal equilibrium
14.2 Temperature scales
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that a physical property that varies with temperature may be used for the measurement of
temperature and state examples of such properties, including the density of a liquid, volume of a gas at
constant pressure, resistance of a metal, e.m.f. of a thermocouple
2 understand that the scale of thermodynamic temperature does not depend on the property of any
particular substance
3 convert temperatures between kelvin and degrees Celsius and recall that T/K = θ/ °C + 273.15
4 understand that the lowest possible temperature is zero kelvin on the thermo
Daddou Maherssi
03/07/2026 14:09
Link to our latest notes and resources:
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/2/folders/15FnZdp3NJ15WmXnkrSWgi5ltd5rUI9Bg
14 Temperature
14.1 Thermal equilibrium
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that (thermal) energy is transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower
temperature
2 understand that regions of equal temperature are in thermal equilibrium
14.2 Temperature scales
Candidates should be able to:
1 understand that a physical property that varies with temperature may be used for the measurement of
temperature and state examples of such properties, including the density of a liquid, volume of a gas at
constant pressure, resistance of a metal, e.m.f. of a thermocouple
2 understand that the scale of thermodynamic temperature does not depend on the property of any
particular substance
3 convert temperatures between kelvin and degrees Celsius and recall that T/K = θ/ °C + 273.15
4 understand that the lowest possible temperature is zero kelvin on the thermo
— No more content —
Disclaimer: All videos and pictures on MovieBox are from the Internet, and their copyrights belong to the original creators. We only provide webpage services and do not store, record, or upload any content.
Enjoy unlimited movies and shows
Download your favorite content to watch offline
Simple interface & smooth performance
'%20stroke-width='1.5'/%3e%3cpath%20d='M7%2017H13M10%2014.75V17'%20stroke='url(%23paint1)'%20stroke-width='1.5'%20stroke-linecap='round'/%3e%3cpath%20d='M10%206V11M10%2011L12%209M10%2011L8%209'%20stroke='url(%23paint2)'%20stroke-width='1.5'%20stroke-linecap='round'%20stroke-linejoin='round'/%3e%3cdefs%3e%3clinearGradient%20id='paint0'%20x1='2'%20y1='9'%20x2='18'%20y2='9'%20gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3e%3cstop%20stop-color='%231CB7FF'/%3e%3cstop%20offset='0.5'%20stop-color='%232FF58B'/%3e%3c/linearGradient%3e%3clinearGradient%20id='paint1'%20x1='7'%20y1='15.9'%20x2='13'%20y2='15.9'%20gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3e%3cstop%20stop-color='%231CB7FF'/%3e%3cstop%20offset='0.5'%20stop-color='%232FF58B'/%3e%3c/linearGradient%3e%3clinearGradient%20id='paint2'%20x1='8'%20y1='8.5'%20x2='12'%20y2='8.5'%20gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3e%3cstop%20stop-color='%231CB7FF'/%3e%3cstop%20offset='0.5'%20stop-color='%232FF58B'/%3e%3c/linearGradient%3e%3c/defs%3e%3c/svg%3e)
'/%3e%3cdefs%3e%3clinearGradient%20id='paint0'%20x1='2.5'%20y1='10'%20x2='17.5'%20y2='10'%20gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3e%3cstop%20stop-color='%231CB7FF'/%3e%3cstop%20offset='0.5'%20stop-color='%232FF58B'/%3e%3c/linearGradient%3e%3c/defs%3e%3c/svg%3e)
'%3e%3cpath%20id='Vector'%20d='M17.3996%2025.7999C17.3996%2025.9838%2017.3634%2026.1658%2017.293%2026.3357C17.2227%2026.5055%2017.1196%2026.6598%2016.9896%2026.7899C16.8596%2026.9199%2016.7052%2027.023%2016.5354%2027.0933C16.3655%2027.1637%2016.1835%2027.1999%2015.9996%2027.1999C15.8158%2027.1999%2015.6337%2027.1637%2015.4639%2027.0933C15.294%2027.023%2015.1397%2026.9199%2015.0097%2026.7899C14.8797%2026.6598%2014.7765%2026.5055%2014.7062%2026.3357C14.6358%2026.1658%2014.5996%2025.9838%2014.5996%2025.7999C14.5996%2025.4286%2014.7471%2025.0725%2015.0097%2024.81C15.2722%2024.5474%2015.6283%2024.3999%2015.9996%2024.3999C16.3709%2024.3999%2016.727%2024.5474%2016.9896%2024.81C17.2521%2025.0725%2017.3996%2025.4286%2017.3996%2025.7999Z'%20fill='white'/%3e%3cpath%20id='Union'%20fill-rule='evenodd'%20clip-rule='evenodd'%20d='M8.5%204H23.5C24.0523%204%2024.5%204.44772%2024.5%205V21.5H7.5V5C7.5%204.44772%207.94772%204%208.5%204ZM5.5%2022.5V5C5.5%203.34315%206.84315%202%208.5%202H23.5C25.1569%202%2026.5%203.34315%2026.5%205V22.5V27C26.5%2028.6569%2025.1569%2030%2023.5%2030H8.5C6.84315%2030%205.5%2028.6569%205.5%2027V22.5ZM24.5%2023.5V27C24.5%2027.5523%2024.0523%2028%2023.5%2028H8.5C7.94772%2028%207.5%2027.5523%207.5%2027V23.5H24.5Z'%20fill='white'/%3e%3cpath%20id='Union_2'%20fill-rule='evenodd'%20clip-rule='evenodd'%20d='M17%209C17%208.44772%2016.5523%208%2016%208C15.4477%208%2015%208.44772%2015%209V13.8258L13.1508%2012.2407C12.7315%2011.8813%2012.1002%2011.9299%2011.7408%2012.3492C11.3813%2012.7685%2011.4299%2013.3998%2011.8492%2013.7593L15.345%2016.7556C15.5205%2016.9079%2015.7495%2017%2016%2017C16.2506%2017%2016.4796%2016.9079%2016.6551%2016.7556L20.1508%2013.7593C20.5701%2013.3998%2020.6187%2012.7685%2020.2593%2012.3492C19.8999%2011.9299%2019.2686%2011.8813%2018.8492%2012.2407L17%2013.8258V9Z'%20fill='white'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
